Ritz Carlton Hotel

Introduction Ritz-Carlton Hotels is a well known company with a good reputation globally especially when it comes to exemplary customer service. It has a unique corporate culture from other hotels and lodgings across the globe. Its guests are always given a royal treatment by exceptionally trained employees in every detailed standard. It also has a unique motto printed on employees’ cards; â€Å"we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman.†Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ritz Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is currently operating a different customer approach it adopted in mid 2006; â€Å"do not tell employees how to make guests happy†. The old one was so prescriptive and scripted. The current approach is based on outcomes. However, this has not affected the company’s goal which is to make a guest happy by rendering better services. In this new customer service philosophy, staff members react with the guests in a natural environment unlike in the old approach which seemed like they were reading from a book. Cultural dimensions The current organization culture at Ritz-Carlton can be described as outcome-oriented. Managers’ focus is more on results; the reason why they insist on pleasing a guest. The manner in which employees do this is no longer the managers’ concern unlike in the old culture where employees were expected to follow laid down rules to reach this objective. The managers do not just expect the guests to be happy but also delighted by the services offered by the employees. The company executive also considers this during selection of new staff members. The advantage of this culture is that executive focuses less on managing employees (Forssell, 2004). Once they have picked the right people, they give them the opportunity to spread their wings. They almost don’t have to manage employees. Ho wever, this culture may omit certain aspects in the early stage that affect the overall performance of the organization because it only focuses on results (Robbins, 2011). Another cultural dimension that has been taken by this organization since 2006 is people orientation. From the motto; â€Å"we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman†, it is clear that the employees are also considered special by the organization. This culture shows that it is not just the business that maters but also the employees who work tirelessly to ensure that guest receive a better treatment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The success of a business does not necessarily mean building a market share but connecting to the target. This culture is important because employees who connect to the guests are already motivated to work. Another important aspect of this cultural dimensi on is that managers are always patient and factor every person’s opinion before making any decision (Ballantine and Roberts, 2010). The dangerous aspect of this approach, however, is that main purpose of a luxury hotel can be forgotten. It is so dangerous to prioritize on the employees needs more than the customers. It, therefore, becomes hard to determine who comes first. Even though the motto appears as if the two are treated equally, sticking this balance is never easy especially when a company wants to increase its revenue. Qualities and skills needed at Ritz-Colton I would wish to work at Ritz Carlton. As a new employee in a highly competitive industry, there would be need to polish and sharpen my communication skills. I will also have to be organized because that is all hospitality demands. Languages are another mandatory skill in the success of this industry. Ritz-Colton is an upscale outlet hence there are chances of working with guests from different parts of the wor ld. The success of this company, therefore, requires multi-lingual individuals. Having an ability to stay calm under pressure and also being able to work under strict deadlines also form part of required skills in this field. The culture at Ritz-Colton This organization has a strong culture because operations of employees are strongly influenced by the two cultural dimensions it has taken. The employees, for instance, have the motto of Ritz-Colton embedded on their cards to keep them on toes. They have to abide by the organization’s philosophies to ensure that objectives are reached. Due to these laid down principles, employees are committed to the organization. They also pledge their loyalty to the organization when they sign performances contracts and agree to treat their guest with dignity. This strong culture helps in recruiting an explicit team for a luxury hotel. New members are highly scrutinized because they are supposed to meet the quality standards expected by the i ncoming guests. Socialization becomes easy because the culture binds them together thereby creating an opportunity of teamwork that increases productivity. Due to the fact that the employees easily identify with the organization, the sense of belonging is another motivating factor. In a luxury hotel, employees need to be motivated in order to afford a smile while handling the guests.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ritz Carlton Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion I would consider being a fourth wheel to this organization because it is so clear, from the motto, that Ritz-Colton treats its employees with the dignity they deserve. Such organizations provide a good natural environment for learning. The motto also shows that unity exist between the employees thereby creating a good and strong cultural environment for the team. With the high competition in this field, Ritz-Colton would be my choice of a workplace. References Ballantine, J. H., Roberts, K. A. (2010). Our social world: Condensed version. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE/Pine Forge Press Forssell, D. C. (2004). Management and leadership: Insight for effective practice. Hayward, CA: Living Control Systems Publishing. Robbins, S. P., Robbins, S. P. (2011). Management. Harlow, England: Pearson Education. This report on Ritz Carlton Hotel was written and submitted by user Joaquin Anderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Crevecoeur

Winthrop’s idea of a â€Å"city on a hill† is a vision of what he wanted America to be like. He wanted to guide the Puritans to act in such a way that people would look up to them, as they would a city on a hill. So, in his mind, it was more of a way of acting in order to gain prestige and awe. Crevecoeur’s idea of â€Å"city on a hill† was a little bit different from Winthrop’s idea. Crevecoeur wrote down what he saw when he was in America. He talked of the beautiful mountains, the ways of the people, and how America was not governed and ruled by one person who had control over all the people. Instead, the people of the colonies had say in the government by representation. He thought America to be superior to England, Europe, and Scotland in many ways, such as the ways on governing the land. Winthrop’s Christian settler that he describes is one that is disciplined and follows rigid rules of their religion. Most of what he says is based on religion, and religion was the guide to the ways that the people were supposed to act. Winthrop’s â€Å"American† was self-disciplined, and pretty much, heartless it seems. They are only out to make themselves look good and to provide for themselves, they want others to look up to them. Crevecoeur, however, has a different vision of the â€Å"American† that he sees here in America. He sees people that are mingling together no matter what their ethnic background. On page 660, Crevecoeur says, â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.† Here he is saying that people from different countries are coming together and having children together, creating a new breed of people that are strictly found here in America. He states this once again on page 660 by saying, â€Å"Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors... Free Essays on Crevecoeur Free Essays on Crevecoeur\'s \ Winthrop’s idea of a â€Å"city on a hill† is a vision of what he wanted America to be like. He wanted to guide the Puritans to act in such a way that people would look up to them, as they would a city on a hill. So, in his mind, it was more of a way of acting in order to gain prestige and awe. Crevecoeur’s idea of â€Å"city on a hill† was a little bit different from Winthrop’s idea. Crevecoeur wrote down what he saw when he was in America. He talked of the beautiful mountains, the ways of the people, and how America was not governed and ruled by one person who had control over all the people. Instead, the people of the colonies had say in the government by representation. He thought America to be superior to England, Europe, and Scotland in many ways, such as the ways on governing the land. Winthrop’s Christian settler that he describes is one that is disciplined and follows rigid rules of their religion. Most of what he says is based on religion, and religion was the guide to the ways that the people were supposed to act. Winthrop’s â€Å"American† was self-disciplined, and pretty much, heartless it seems. They are only out to make themselves look good and to provide for themselves, they want others to look up to them. Crevecoeur, however, has a different vision of the â€Å"American† that he sees here in America. He sees people that are mingling together no matter what their ethnic background. On page 660, Crevecoeur says, â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.† Here he is saying that people from different countries are coming together and having children together, creating a new breed of people that are strictly found here in America. He states this once again on page 660 by saying, â€Å"Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors...

Power of Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power of Language - Essay Example It is not surprising that our native language is often referred to as our "mother tongue" a terms that recalls our earliest memories and influences. The term itself has different meanings. The sociolinguist Tove Skutnabb Kangas (1981) hypothesizes five definitions of "mother tongue" depending on who is defining it. For the sociologist, mother tongue is the language one learns first. For the linguist, it is the language one knows best. For the sociolinguist it is the language one uses the most. For the social psychologist, it is the language one identifies with and through which one is identified. For the lay person, it is "the language one counts in thinks in, dreams in, writes a diary in, and writes poetry in" (Skutnabb- Kangas, 1981: 18). Skutnabb- Kangas' social psychological definition of mother tongue brings out the importance of language as part of one's cultural identity. The mother tongue is the langue through which in the process of socialization one has required the norms and value systems of one's own group. The language passes on the cultural tradition of the group and there by gives the individual an identity which ties her to the in-group and at the same time sets her apart from other possible groups of reference.. Since this socialization process to a large extent occurs with the aid of language, language itself comes to constitute a symbolic representation of the group. Diversity in Language If just a few of the majority languages of the world solely existed, how tedious and uninteresting it would be. Rather, for the moment we have a language garden full of variety and color. The initial conclusion is simply that language diversity in the garden of the world makes for a richer, more interesting world with a depth of experience gained from a breadth of cultures. However, language diversity makes the garden more difficult to tend. In a garden, some flowers and shrubs spread quickly. Some majority languages, particularly English, have expanded considerably during the last century. When the garden is neglected, a few strong species of flower may take over, and small minority flowers may be in danger of extinction. Therefore some delicate flowers need extra care and protection. A free language economy will mean the extinction of many languages' Language planning is essential to avoid such trends. When a gardener wishes to create a beautiful garden, there will be both careful planning and continued care and protection. Sometimes radical action may be taken to preserve and protect. The analogy suggests that language diversity requires planning and care. If language resources are to be maintained and developed, of ensuring that the speaker of all languages value their language and take pride in their language skills. This will occur only if the society as a whole values those languages, recognizes and values language skills, and recognizes and values cultural and linguistic diversity. Value of diversity Linguistic Diversity helps sustain human existence. At times, medical cures are found in plans and flowers native to a particular region; knowledge about these cures comes from native speaking the local language. If the language disappears, the medical knowledge will disappear as well. Languages contain other types of knowledge; they express particular

Impact of IT Outsourcing in the Tertiary Sector Essay

Impact of IT Outsourcing in the Tertiary Sector - Essay Example This paper has chosen McDonald's in the United Kingdom as the case study, in order to understand the consequences and impact of IT outsourcing in the tertiary sector, and particularly, McDonald's. The literature review has indicated that McDonald's has also turned to outsource its IT processes for maintenance of quality service at lower costs. Studies have noted that a seven-year IT outsourcing deal has recently been signed by the fast-food giant, McDonald's. (Morales, pp. 24-25, 2006) The role of a third party is played by Affiliated Computer Services, which will be providing the IT services to McDonald's worth millions of dollars. In specific, IT infrastructure needs and requirements of McDonald's will be fulfilled by the above-mentioned third-party firm by the provision of back-end support, as well as, help desk assistance to McDonald's, particularly, in its operations in the UK region. (Morales, pp. 26-28, 2006) Moreover, a centralized office will be established by the Affiliated Computer Services for the provision of IT support to McDonald's according to the agreement. In the result, work of more than eighty-five percent of IT workers of McDonald's will be absorbed by this office, which will result in the lowering of maintenance and administrative costs. McDonald's is also involved in outsourcing its IT requirements for its farms, in order to fulfill the needs of its millions of customers around the globe. For instance, phone-ordering operations of a local franchise of McDonald's in the United Kingdom has been outsourced to a local call center, which has resulted in costs lowering, as well as, quality maintenance of the tasks.

Manager interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Manager interview - Essay Example Richard Branson has expanded his entrepreneurial efforts and diversified his companies to more than 30 countries that include Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, United States, Europe and South Africa. Some of the companies under Virgin Group include Virgin Atlantic airlines, Virgin Media, Virgin Trains, Virgin Music, Virgin Radio, Virgin mobile USA, Virgin Cola, and Virgin Brides (Hellriegel and Slocum 35). Branson engages in several sporting activities as evidenced by crossing of the Atlantic in Virgin Atlantic Challenger II in 1986, hot air balloon crossing in 1987 and sponsorship of various sporting events and teams across the world. Richard Branson is in the top management of Virgin Group and has both human skills and conceptual skills. He has diversified the operations of the companies through various strategies in order to attain high global market share. He has effectively managed organizational behavior through influencing the efforts of employees, transformational leadership , commitment to the organizational objective, motivating the staff and ensuring effective communication in the organization. Accordingly, Richard Branson is good at decision-making and management of stress in the organization (Hellriegel and Slocum 36). ... Answer: Richard Branson claimed that he is capable of controlling negative feelings and emotions. He claimed that he was open to challenges, new experiences and perceives failures as learning opportunities. Richard Branson went further to assert that emotional intelligence entails self-awareness, respect for others and emotional stability in order to regulate both one’s emotions and those of colleagues in the organization. . c) What are the critical values that are central to your success as a business leader? Answer: He outlined that commitment, self-confidence, tolerance, persuasiveness and positive attitude are some of the values that have enabled him grow successful enterprises and enter competitive niche markets across several industries. He claimed that his commitment to success is evident in his record-breaking crossing of Virgin Atlantic and numerous innovative products that Virgin Group has offered to its clients. d) How do you deal and handle criticism? Answer: He cl aimed that he perceives criticism as productive and essential to innovativeness and creativity. He is positive about constructive criticism and is open to challenges and new ideas that aim at ensuring organizational learning and implementation of innovative solutions to various societal problems. e) What is your approach to management of conflicts in your organization? Answer: Richard Branson started by outlining that conflicts in the organization are inevitable due to task conflicts, differences in personality, cultural differences and differing opinions. He claimed that he is capable of making conflicts constructive through enabling conflicting parties understand the sources of conflicts, encouraging cooperation and collaboration in solving the conflicts

Analysis of Drug Delivery Systems

Analysis of Drug Delivery Systems INTRODUTION SECTION 1.1: ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A drug delivery system is defined as a formulation or a device that can be introduce the therapeutic or pharmaceutical substance in to the body and improves the efficacy and safety of substance by controlling the time, rate and place of drug release in the body. Drug delivery system is an interface between the patient and the drug. It may be a formulation of drug to administer it for a therapeutic or medical reason or a device used drug delivery. Oral drug delivery system is most desirable, preferable and suitable route for the administration of therapeutic and pharmaceutical agents for administration. Historically the oral route of drug administration has been the one used most for both conventional as well as the novel drug delivery. The reasons for this preference are obvious because of ease of administration. Oral drug delivery is the most desirable, suitable and preferred method of administering therapeutic agents for their systemic effects. The oral medication is mostly conside red as the first investigation in the development and discovery of new drug molecules and pharmaceutical preparations, mainly because of acceptance by the patients, convenience, and cost effective manufacturing process. For many drug substances conventional immediate release formulations provide clinically and therapeutically effective therapy while maintaining the required level of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles with acceptable level of safety to the patient. Multiple unit dosage forms such as microspheres or micro beads have gained in popularity as oral drug delivery systems because of high uniformity of the drug distribution in the gastrointestinal tract, better drug absorption, minimized local irritation and elimination of unwanted intestinal retention of polymers and other excipients, when compared to non-disintegrating single unit dosage form.2 SECTION 1.2: CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A wide variety of newer oral drug delivery systems like sustained/controlled release dosage forms are designed and evaluated in order to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy. These products are able to maintain steady drug plasma levels for extended periods of time as a result the variations of the drug levels in the blood are prevented and minimized drug related side effects.3 The controlled release drug delivery systems are aimed at controlling the rate of drug delivery, sustaining the time period of therapeutic activity and targeting the drug delivery to a tissue. Drug release from these systems should be at a desired rate, predictable and reproducible. Among the various approaches for controlled systems, microencapsulation process and microcapsules have gained good acceptance as a process to achieve controlled release and drug targeting.4 The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery system is to reduce the frequency of dosing or to increase the effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site action, reducing the dose required, or providing uniform drug delivery.5 Of growing interest generally in the world of oral drug delivery is colon-targeted delivery for treatment of both local and systemic conditions. It is recognised that this region of the Gastrointestinal tract offers advantages over the stomach and small intestine, e.g. milder pH, lower enzymatic activity, lower bile salt concentrations, longer residence time and slower turnover of the mucus layer. For biopharmaceutical delivery, it also appears to offer the benefit of allowing greater functioning of absorption enhancers, thus allowing reasonable bioavailability of drugs such as peptides which would normally be poorly absorbed from the GI tract.6 Controlled release systems are used in the improvement of the effectiveness of drug therapy. These systems modify several parameters of the drug: the release profile and capacity to cross biological carriers (depending on the size of the particle), biodistribution, clearance, and stability (metabolism), among others. In other words, the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the drug are modified by these formulations. Controlled release offers numerous advantages over conventional dosage forms. This approach increases therapeutic activity and decreases side effects, thus reducing the number of drug dosages required during treatment. Controlled release methods offer an appropriate tool for site-specific and time-controlled drug delivery. There are two main situations in which the distribution and time-controlled delivery of a drug can be beneficial- When the natural distribution of the drug causes major side effects due to its interaction with other tissues. When the natural drug distribution does not allow it to reach its molecular site of action due to degradation. Many different kinds of drugs can benefit from distribution or time-controlled delivery, such as anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs, immunosuppressants, anesthetics and vaccines.7 1.2.1: Advantages of oral controlled release formulations Oral controlled drug delivery has been widely preferred in research because of its large number of benefits over conventional dosage forms, some of which are as follows: The frequency of dosing is less due to drug being released for a longer duration of time than conventional dosage form. This is highly valuable for the patients with chronic disease and illnesses which required to maintaining the plasma concentrations of a drug within the range of therapeutic effects to avoid breakthrough symptoms. The reduction or avoidance of side effects due to high plasma drug concentrations or ‘dose dumping’. Improvement of the patient compliance because of reduced dosing. Better control on the concentration of therapeutic drug in body. Cost effective manufacturing as the amount of dose required per patient would be reduced as compared to its conventional dosage form.8 SECTION 1.3: COATING OF FORMULATION Coating is defined as a process by which dosage form is covered with an essentially dry, outer layer of coating material by applying it on the surface of a formulation or dosage form for specific benefits that broadly ranges from improving product identification to modifying the release of the drug from the formulation. After making a good formulation, one must often coat it for many benefits. There are five reasons for putting such a coating on a pharmaceutical formulation: Protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients, from the acidic environment of the stomach (e.g. enzymes and certain antibiotics). To prevent gastric distress or nausea from a drug due to irritation (e.g. sodium salicylate ). For the delivery of drugs that are optimally absorbed in the small intestine to their primary absorption site in their most concentrated form. To provide a delayed/sustained release of drug substance for repeat action. Required for minimizing first pass metabolism of drugs.19 1.3.1: Coating material The coating material should be capable of forming a film that is cohesive with the materials required for coating, should be chemically compatible with the material and must be non reactive with the core material and provide the desired coating properties such as strength, impermeability, optical properties stability and flexibility. When coating is done by microencapsulation techniques the size of thickness of coating is in microscopic units. A number of different substances both non-biodegradable and biodegradable have been investigated for the formulation of microcapsules. These materials include the polymers of synthetic natural and origin and also modified natural substances. Some of the polymers used in the preparation of the microcapsules are classified and listed. 1.3.2: Ideal properties of an enteric coating material Resistance from the gastric fluids Permeable/Susceptible to the intestinal fluid Should be compatibility with the most components of coating solution and the substrates of the drug Formation of uniform and continuous film Cheap, nontoxic and easy to apply Provide ability in readily printed19 1.3.3: EUDRAGIT S100 Eudragit S100 is anionic copolymers based on methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate. The IUPAC name of edragit S100 is Poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate). Eudragit S100 contains 30% of methacrylic units and dissolves at pH values higher than 7.0. Eudragit S100 is suitable coating agent for controlled and colon targeted drug delivery system.10 Eudragit S100 is an effective and stable enteric coating agent with fast dissolution in upper bowl. It is generally accepted that pH7 is not normally reached until at least the distal small bowel/ileocaecal region; thus drug release from formulations coated with Eudragit S100 is likely to commence at the junction between the small intestine and colon, continuing into the colon.6 SECTION 1.4: NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMATORY DRUGS Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered to be the first-line drugs in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondilytis and osteoarthritis. Aceclofenac is one of the emerging NSAID molecules for the treatment of arthritis. Aceclofenac is a new derivative of diclofenac and has less gastrointestinal complications. All drugs grouped in this class have analgesic, antipyretic antiinflammatory action in different measures. They do not depress CNS, do not produce the physical dependence, are weaker analgesics and have no abuse liability. They are more commonly employed and many are over-the-counter drugs.21 1.4.1: ACECLOFENAC Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, widely used in the management of osteoarthritis, ankylosing, rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis. Usual therapeutic dose is 100 mg twice daily and half life is 3-4 hrs; thus it is necessary to be administered frequently in order to maintain the desired concentration. 1.4.2: MECHANISM OF ACTION Aceclofenac drug acts as non selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme(COX). It inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) and cyclooxygense-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes. COX catalyses the formation of prostaglandin and thromboxane from archidonic acid. Prostaglandins act like messenger molecules in the process of pain and inflammation. Aceclofenac also have antipyretic activity and be used in treatment of pyrexiya. The reason of fever is the elevation in the levels of PGE2. Aceclofenac inhibits the biosynthesis of PGE2 within the hypothalamus to reduce the fever. Archidonic acid is precursor substrate for COX which helps to lead the production of prostaglandins F, D and E.22 SECTION 1.5: MICROENCAPSULATION Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology for the preparation of formulatios in which drug is present as core material covered by polymer. As a process, it is a means applying relatively a thin coating to small solid particles or liquids droplets and dispersions. Microencapsulation is arbitrarily differentiated from macro-coating techniques in that the farmer involves the coating of particles is in the range between several tenths of a micron to 5000 microns in size.23 Microencapsulation is process by which thin coating can be applied reproducibly to small solids particles or liquid droplets or dispersions or even gases are encapsulated into micro sonic particles. Particle size range dimensionally from 1 Â µm to 1000 Â µm.9 Particulate drug delivery system are gaining more prominence in recent years because they uniformly distribute in the GIT there by improve the bioavailability of the drugs and also reduces the local irritation. Due to attractive properties and wider applications of microparticles, their application in controlled release formulation is appropriate. Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology. Microencapsulation helps in converting the liquids into the solids, altering colloidal and surface properties of formulation, in providing environmental and external protection and in controlling the release behaviour or availability of coated materials. 1.5.1: Applications of microencapsulation In the development and the design of controlled and sustained release dosage form. Alteration in site of absorption. To mask the taste of bitter drugs. To provide the protection to the core material from atmospheric effects. To minimize gastric and other GIT irritation. In the preparation of free flowing powder formulations from drugs in liquid forms. Stabilization of drugs which are sensitive to moisture, light or oxygen. In the elimination of incompatibilities among drugs. Prevention of volatile drugs from vaporization. Reduction of toxicity. To reduce hygroscopicity. Alteration in site of absorption. 1.5.2: MICROENCAPSULATION BY IONOTROPIC GELATION METHOD Alginates have ability to form gels by reaction with calcium salts. Alginic acid is composed of D-mannuronic acid and L-gluronic acid residues at varying proportions of GG-, MM- and MG- blocks. When suspension of alginate is added drop by drop to the solution of calcium salt, crosslinking takes place between the carboxylate residue of GG- blocks and Ca+2 ions via egg-box model to give a tight gel network structure. This method is called ionotropic gelation method because in this process the anion of alginate and cation of calcium salt (mostly Ca+2ion) crosslinked to form a gel. These gels resemble a solid retaining their shape, resisting stress and consist of almost 100% water. It has been suggested that the cross-links are caused by simple ionic bridging of two carboxyl groups on adjacent polymer chain via calcium ions or by chelating of single calcium ions by hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on each a pair of polymer chains.24 In this method strong spherical beads with a narrow range particle size distribution and lower friability could be prepared. Beads formed by this method have high yield and drug content. The flow properties of micronized of needle like drug crystals can be improved by the help of agglomeration technique as compared to the non-agglomerated drug crystals. The ionic character of the polymers results from pH dependent disintegration of the beads. SECTION 1.6: GEL BEADS Gel beads are defined as spherical structure in which drug is present in the core of beads. Different types of gel beads can be prepared by using various techniques. Gel beads help in the slow dissolution of drug hence slowdown the release of drug, thus results in improvement of bioavailability of drug. 1.6.1: APPLICATIONS GEL BEADS Stomach specific drug delivery using floating alginate gel beads A multiple unit type oral floating dosage form of many drug have been developed in recent years. Drugs like riboflavin, ranitidine, diclofenac sodium were formulated to prolong the gastric residence time and increase bioavailability. Colon targeting Beads of various drugs have been formulated and further coated with enteric polymers for colon targeting. Protein drug delivery In recent years many formulations have been prepared for protein drug molecules for site specific release of protein in the intestine. Microbeads as inoculants and carriers for plant growth-promoting bacteria Beads of various bacteria are developed in recent years to promote the growth of plants. The release of bacteria from the microbeads depends on its type (wet or dry) and the time of incubation (the longer the incubation time, the smaller the extent of bacteria released with time). Enzyme immobilization Enzymes are immobilized by formation ofdehydrated gel beads for use in non-aqueous enzymatic reactions by having an average particle size of 5 to 150 microns.

Community and Survival in Sula :: Sula Essays

Community and Survival in Sula Sula by Toni Morrison is a very complex novel with many underlying themes. Some of the themes that exist are good and evil, friendship and love, survival and community, and death. In Marie Nigro's article, "In Search of Self: Frustration and Denial in Toni Morrison's Sula" Nigro deals with the themes of survival and community. According to Nigro, "Sula celebrates many lives: It is the story of the friendship of two African-American women; it is the story of growing up black and female; but most of all, it is the story of a community" (1). Sula contains so many important themes that it is hard to say which one is the most important. I agree with Marie Nigro when she says that Sula is a story about community. I believe that community and how the community of Bottom survives is an important theme of the story. But I do not believe that it is a central theme of the story. When I think back on the novel Sula in twenty years, I will remember the relationship and friendship betw een Nel and Sula. I will not remember the dynamics of the community. One of Nigro's main points of her article is how Morrison shows how important work is to the community of Bottom in order to survive. Nigro believes that work is important in Sula because it helps define or not define such as in Sula's case, who the characters are. Nigro argues that the people of Bottom take survival serious because they live in a white male, world. The residents of Bottom do their best by working odd jobs and scrimping and helping each other when in need (2). But they know that they will always have to remain within the boundaries of the hostile white world (2). According to Nigro, survival is also very important for Eva and Hannah. They know they do not have much opportunity being black and female, so they prepare for the winter by canning food in the summer (2). Eva definitely knows how serious survival is because she goes to the extreme of cutting off her own leg (2). Jude is another character, Nigro points out, that needs work.

‘A Vendetta’ & ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’: Close or Distant? Essay

Though it’s not exactly the case of ‘great men think alike’, yet, there is some similarity between the two short stories of two great storytellers of two different times, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) and â€Å"A Vendetta† by Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893). It produces same reactions at times, as both are murder stories. Apart from that, each of them works with different themes and uses different type of presentations. Therefore this essay tries to find out such differences and similarities between these two stories, before reaching its own conclusion. SUMMARY OF ‘THE TELL-TALE HEART’ ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ deals with a theme like ‘an ill mind can stretch itself to any degree under provocative conditions. ‘ Here the central character is a nameless person, who is actually a madman and full of strange behavior. He does not like his master because of dully eyes and that is why he wants to kill his master! Poe has written this story in first person, and that kind of storytelling raised more tension in the story, besides showing how the strange chemistry of human mind influences a person to kill someone, and then to confess about it. In the story, the dull expression of the eyes of his old master irritates the person and that irritation finally turns into a desire to murder the master. So the servant keeps on recharging his desire by visiting his master’s room at the dead of night for several days and then finally kills the old man. All the while readers come to know about his strange mental condition through his confessions about hearing strange sounds or his frequent references on ‘madness’. That ‘madness’ carries the story till the end, when he kills and even cuts off the body parts of his master and hides them before revealing about everything to policemen. SUMMARY OF ‘A VENDETTA’ The theme of this story can be anything that speaks about ‘how the intensity of human desire paves its way towards fulfillment’. Presented in third person narrative, this story shows that how with dedication, determination and application one can achieve an apparently impossible mission even under critical circumstance. The central character of the story, an old widow, finds her son Antoine Saverini murdered by a man named Nicolas Ravolati, who leaves the place at once. The widow gets shocked, as she is now left alone with only a dog as her companion, save the black future. Yet she resolves to avenge the murder of her son and constantly ponders on that idea, in spite of the fact that she is weak, and has none to support her in her mission. However, it’s her deep desire to fulfill the mission that aids to her vision, where she finds an option like training the dog to kill. Once decided, she finds a novel way to train the dog, where she uses a dummy and an age-old idea of providing incentive to the animal after successful completion of the ‘murder rehearsal’. This goes on for quite a few days before she gets convinced that the dog is ready to do the job, and then she goes out to find Nicolas Ravolati and finally meets him in the backyard of his new home. It is there she unleashes the dog to kill Ravolati and thus fulfills her mission of avenging her son’s murder. THREE QUALITIES OF ‘THE TELL-TALE HEART’ First person narrative Edgar Allan Poe has used first person narrative in Tell-Tale, which suits the story in many ways. Firstly, it has helped the writer to show the strange mental condition of the murderer through his own words. Secondly, it has helped him to use clinical clues easily. The symptoms of madness in the man have been placed right from the paragraph (elements are identified in italics), which creates the background of the story. â€Å"TRUE! – NERVOUS– very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am! But why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses – not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. how, then, am I mad? † Everyone knows that someone mentally ill often feels nervous and complains about strange things. Poe shows that to the readers through words and actions of the main character, where he openly admits about his nervousness or ‘hearing more than others’. Such victims of mental illness turn violent too – which we observe later, when he attacks and kills his master. At the end of the story, Poe makes the man complaint again about the strange crisis within him – â€Å"I could bear those hypocritical no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! —and now–again–hark! louder! louder! louder! † Effect of Madness This story tells its readers about how strange, painful and unpredictable a madman’s life can be. It is always difficult to use madness as a main issue in a short story, but a master storyteller like Poe has mixed it in such a way that readers are bound to be sympathetic to the murderer in the end. All over the story Poe produces enough of dialogues and actions to convince the readers about the helpless condition of the murderer (clinical clues placed in italics). â€Å"I heard a slight groan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or grief—oh no! – it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe. I knew the sound well. Many a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welled up from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me†. It is that sad tune of madness that rings on all throughout the story and touches the heart of the readers. Bizarre Motive The motive of murder is bizarre, which clearly shows the unfortunate mental state of the murderer, who even admits that right at the beginning of the story. â€Å"It is impossible to tell how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night†. Or â€Å"I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it†. These lines clearly show the uncertainty in the man, and also indicate the motive is bizarre. On the other hand, this bizarre motive is significant to know more about how mental illness works in a person; and from that angle, it has to be a conscious creation of Poe. THREE QUALITIES OF ‘A VENDETTA’ Third Person Narrative Maupassant has used third person narrative to tell this story. Third person narrative always has the scope to cover a big picture, and Maupassant’s genius has utilized that possibility to a great level. The details of the surroundings of the town Bonifacio, the place where the widow lived with her son – all influence the readers to identify the helplessness of a lonely widow who desperately wants to be at peace by killing her son’s murderer. Just two lines from the story can serve as an example. â€Å"The widow Saverini’s house held for dear life to the very edge of the cliff; its three windows looked out over this wild and desolate scene†. It is as if, Maupassant says to the reader – â€Å"Look at this poor, lonely lady, who is living on the edge by all means, yet she is out to win justice.. † Clear Motive Behind the Murder The widow’s motive is clear and concise, that she is out to avenge the murder of her son – in other words, to find peace by accomplishing her mission. This is why the widow is calm and devoted to the task cut out before her. â€Å"For three months she trained the dog to this struggle, the conquest of a meal by fangs†. This statement proves the fact that she is seeing it as a mission, of which murder is just a part to complete the circle. This determined approach of the widow heightens the tension of the story, while winning sympathy for her. Maupassant Used Interesting Old Tricks Using ‘incentives’ in the training of animals is an age-old practice among circus trainers or the farm-keepers. Maupassant successfully used that idea in the story to provide the much-needed solution for the widow. â€Å"One night, as Semillante was beginning to moan again, the mother had a sudden idea, an idea quite natural to a vindictive and ferocious savage†. And â€Å"She had taught the dog to rend and devour it without hiding food in its throat. Afterwards she would reward the dog with the gift of the black pudding she had cooked for her†. And â€Å"As soon as she saw the man, Semillante would tremble, then turn her eyes towards her mistress, who would cry â€Å"Off! † in a whistling tone, raising her finger†. It is this novel idea that takes this story to a new level from where it takes off towards the climax. This ‘incentive’ technique in fact proves to be the backbone of the story, because without it, the widow could not have fulfilled her mission with the help of a dog. SIMILARITIES From a readers’ point of view the similarities between these two stories can be placed in the order like below: Application of Interesting ideas Both Poe and Maupassant have chosen interesting ideas to build their story – and this treatment may be considered as a similarity. Though their ideas are far from close to each other (madness and ‘incentive’ technique), yet they serve the same purpose for their respective stories – they add dimensions to the readers’ interest. There is another such similarity – that is about the murder methods – while one uses a dog, other opts for a bed. Ability to sustain readers’ interest The flow of events in both the stories is well planned and they hold readers’ interest till the end – between which the detailing involves the reader with the event. In Tell-Tale, the monologues invite the readers to realize the helplessness of a person who fails to decide on what to do with his aimless mind, while Vendetta inspires the readers with its detailed account of the determination of an old widow. Same Structure Structurally both the stories are similar, though category wise Vendetta is somewhat closer to ‘twist’ category and Tell-Tale belongs to ‘tale’ category. Yet, the stories are well plotted, where Poe wants to show the negative effect of brain and Maupassant wants to show positive power of brain. Both the stories have fewer characters and have background elements working in their favour (madness and determination). CONCLUSION Though both the stories produce similar emotion at times, they are written almost from an opposite angle, where Tell-Tale is a story of an unfortunate madman and Vendetta is a declaration on the power of human mind. From this angle, these two stories are just the opposite, as Poe shows us, almost like a doctor, how helpless humans are, when their brains malfunction, while Maupassant tells what a human can achieve with brain-power even under difficult conditions. However, good stories tend to be puzzling, and that allows anyone to consider these two stories as two sides of the same coin on the ground that both deal with the power of mind, be it ill or good. Ends

Asian Americans as Model Minorities essays

Asian Americans as Model Minorities essays For 20 years, Asian Americans have been portrayed by the press and the media as a successful minority. Asian Americans are believed to benefit from astounding achievements in education, rising occupational statuses, increasing income, and are problem-fee in mental health and crime. The idea of Asian Americans as a model minority has become the central theme in media portrayal of Asian Americans since the middle 1960s. The term model minority is given to a minority group that exhibits middle class characteristics, and attains some measure of success on its own without special programs or welfare. Asian Americans are seen as a model minority because even though they have faced prejudice and discrimination by other racial groups, they have succeeded socially, economically, and educationally without resorting to political or violent disagreements with the majority race. The success of the minority is offered as proof that the American dream of equal opportunity is capable to those who conform and who are willing to work hard. Therefore, the term model minority really is a means (1) to control minority groups in society, (2) to validate and reinforce the values of the white majority, and (3) to inform other minority groups that they too could achieve success if they conform to the values and norms of the middle class. Statistics that support this model minority theory can be found in many areas, the first being education. Fifty percent of Asian Americans 25 and older hold a bachelors degree compared to twenty-nine percent of the white population. Many studies have used standardized tests and school records, such as SAT, GPA, and other measures to compare the academic performance of Asian American students with non-Asian American students. Several studies have indicated that the outstanding academic performance of Asian students might be attributed to their cultural ...

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie After years of research, writing and submitting, your book is published. Your dream is a reality. But through the process you had another dream – to see your written words come to life as a movie.   There are two routes to making this possible. Your first option is to find a literary agent to represent your book in the entertainment industry. The industry loves â€Å"IP† (intellectual property). From the Marvel universe to The Hunger Games, this is an industry that â€Å"hungers† for the next big thing, and they prefer to find those through agents.   Agents are flooded with submissions, but if your book has a following, reviews, and positive press, it may be considered for representation. Finding such an agent follows the same path used to find an agent for your book- research. To get a feel for the industry you’ll want to start reading industry trades The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. You should already know aboutIMDb.com (Internet Movie Database), and the monthly subscription toIMDbPro.com has fairly up-to-date contact information (you’ll see who representsSuzanne Collins, author of The Hunger Games).   Identify the agent’s submission policy. It’s all about that first impression. If you are fortunate enough to secure an agent, and they get your work optioned, then the process moves into higher gear.   Generally, you will receive an upfront payment for a specific time period of optioned rights. You may or may not have input into the adaptation of your book into a screenplay. If your book is not produced Your second option is to produce your own movie. This means a substantial learning curve and working with a team of creatives. To start, you adapt your book into a screenplay, which is easier said than done. As a novelist you adjust your thinking because a screenplay only paints what needs to be visualized. Start reading IndieWire.com and FilmmakerMagazine.com for a feel of the industry. Attend film festivals to see independent films come to life.   See if your state has a film office. Through all these new resources you may come across a screenwriter to work with.   The Writers Guild of America is also a wonderful resource. Want to write the screenplay yourself? I highly recommend the software Final Draft. With your script complete, submit to festivals with screenwriting competitions (FilmFreeway.com). Winning nominations and awards validates your screenplay.   Find the right cast and crew, which can be a challenge. Seek out local colleges or universities that offer a film program and castings for independent short and feature films. Volunteer to help on set or, if you’re interested in acting – audition! From there you will learn what happens on a set. Carefully plan your film budgets to include distribution. Shane Carruth’s award winning Primer was produced for $7,000 with a box office gross of over $400,000. Look him up to see where he is now. You probably once thought that publishing a book was just a dream, but there it is in your hands. If you apply the same discipline, determination and patience to the film industry, you may find yourself in a theater watching your book unfold on the silver screen.

Chick Corea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chick Corea - Essay Example Use of accompaniment developed in the jazz music such as ornaments are used, as the performer primary goal is to play a composition as it was written. Armando Anthony who was known as â€Å"Chick Corea† was a renowned jazz musician who tirelessly composed hits of the jazz fusion and pianist. (Ward, 2005 )As a member of Miles Davis band in the 60s, he was a vigorous participant in the electric jazz fusion movement. He was a collaborator with other musician as he took the chance to explore various musical styles with musicians such as the Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett. He developed his talent of playing the piano as he tried to explore music of his own; musicians of Jazz fusion at his young age influenced him examples of stars like Dizzy Gillespie and Horace Silver. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build h is relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The... "Chick Corea" outlines creative activity of talented jazz musician Armando Anthony. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build his relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The characteristics that Corea mostly used which were aspects of Jazz improvisation was to create an interesting melodic lines which were as a result of repetition in the harmonic structure this led to overlapping of the melodic and harmonic elements in his composition. Core often preferred Lydian and altered scale that added which added tension to the improvised line that he composed making them colorful to listen.

No Child Left Behind Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

No Child Left Behind Act - Research Paper Example One such act which relates vehemently the inclusive educational system is the famous act of No child Left Behind Act of 2001 in passed by the then American President George W. Bush. The paper will seek to analyse the social, economic and political status that led to the development of the act. Social status associated with the NCLB Act The national Commission on Excellence in Education in the year 1981 was vested upon the responsibility to review as well as synthesize literature and scholarly data in order to assess the then quality of teaching as well as educational standards in both the public as well as the private sector with a special emphasis on the educational experiences of the teen age youth. The report investigations revealed significant information among which the most important which can be stated here is that around 17% of all the 17 years old children in the United States of America was considered as functionally illiterate with the percentage of the minority youths rea ching as high as 40 percent. Areas of faults were conjectured in the poor performances in important subjects like English, Physics, mathematics as well as in verbal communications. There was also deterioration in the academic achievements owing to the racial and ethnic differences as well. The findings and the report concentrated on the weaknesses of the approaches of content, expectations, time and teaching. Thus identification of these parameters let the government to drive its focus on the movement towards a standard based educational system which came up in the forefront with the passage of Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 (IASA). The IASA along with the following implementation of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act, the ESEA focused on the ensuring of the needs of all the students including the disadvantaged students along with the children who were vulnerable to the risk of school. In the mid 1980s, the testing industry saw a major shift towards standard based h igh stake assessments as one of the most necessary components of the standard based reforms. There was also a shift in the expectations of the marketplace as well. Within the span of 1994-2000, majority of the states in America enhanced standards of the contents, standards of performance and so on. The states also demanded the minimization of the time lag between the testing and the receipt of the score reports (Jorgenson & Hoffman, 2003, pp. 1-5). The test scores as an indicator of the actual achievement of the students started to become implemented in the reality and along with that the notion of social justice was also attached to the implementation motive. Thus a wave of establishing a new law made the lawmakers rethink and establish a new law with various threshold standards set for the purpose of introduction to inclusive education as well as focus on the delivery of social justice (Robicheau, 2006, pp. 2-3). Within such a social backdrop, on January 8, 2002, American Presiden t George W. Bush declared the law of No Child Left Behind Act which was directed towards the establishment of absolute clarity towards the value, use as well as the importance of the achievement of the